1. Color Doppler may be used to assess flow using mean velocity or in the power amplitude mode.
2. Color Doppler is not used as a diagnostic tool, but as a road map to guide sample volume placement for spectral Doppler velocity waveform assessment.
3. In areas of color flow disturbances / abnormal flow patterns, the PW Doppler sample volume is placed to capture representative waveform characteristics.
4. Absence of color Doppler signal is not sufficient to diagnose vessel occlusion; spectral Doppler confirmation is required.
Exceptions, in which vein pulsatility is normal: Upper extremity central veins (IJV, Brachiocephalic and medial subclavian veins and the proximal inferior vena cavaÂ